Oliver Cromwell knew that
other countries might try to take advantages of country without king. They might
even try to restore Charles II to the throne. To stop them doing this, he
strengthened the navy and made sure there were no weakness in the defense of the Common wealth. This
was the name now given to country and its people.
In particular, he had
good reason to fear Ireland and Scotland. Royalist supporters had already taken
control of much of Catholic Ireland. So Cromwell tool an army there in 1649 and
put down the rebellion with great brutality. The in 1650 – 1 he dealt with Scotland.
People there were furious because, in executing Charles II, the English
Parliament Had Killed the king of the Scots. This is why invited Prince Charles
II to Scotland in 1650 and crowned him King of Scots at Scone in 1651.
In return, Charles agreed,
much against he will, to accept the Presbyterian form of worship. Cromwell,
however, had already invaded Scotland. He defeated the Scottish Army first at
Dunbar on 3 September 1650 and then again exactly one year later at Worcester
on 3 September 1651. As a result, Scotland became part of Cromwell’s Commonwealth.
It was no longer independent for the first time in 350 years.
In London, meanwhile, the Rump Parliament had started an unnecessary war against Holland which Cromwell opposed. It was also quarreling with the army again. The leading generals wanted to make drastic changes to the way people lived and the way they were governed. They wanted to get rid of the old Rump Parliament of Only sixty members or so and replace it with a parliament of new men who would be prepared to make sweeping reforms. But the MPs were reluctant to vote themselves out of police. So Cromwell did it for them.
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November 06, 2021
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